2011年五月廣興紙寮生產了一種叫麻紙的紙,在廣興紙寮,手工紙的製作是平常的事,但製作麻紙一事必須特別記之。從我踏入這個生產手工紙的行業以來,嘗試用了許多不同的纖維來造紙,但麻這種纖維就是不平常的造紙原料,平時接觸到的是已經成為槳板,而且價格昂貴,以往生產麻紙加入麻槳的比例甚微,麻絲紙也是加入幾根麻絲作為點綴的效果,今以麻為基底材,且以自己的方式處理麻纖維再成為紙槳,這四十多個年頭裡是屬於第一次的事。
在手工紙的生產過程,對特殊的纖維處理方式有二種,一是在纖維未蒸煮前先進行浸漚的工作,其目的是為了分解纖維中一部份的木質素,醣類或膠類,浸漚也讓纖維之間的細胞膨脹,如此可以減少蒸煮的時間和減少蒸煮的藥量,以免纖維過度因蒸煮而損傷,另一種方式是在蒸煮之後再進行浸漚的工作。兩種方式牽涉到場地及備料的因素,一般工廠在處理槳料時都不採行,但為了能製造出特別的紙張,我們選用了蒸煮後浸漚的方式。
纖維再浸漚過程,微生物會進行分解纖維,這個時候會產生各種氣味,如二氧化硫等,不管是皮類纖維,木質纖維或草本纖維,這些纖維產生的味道都很臭,這和我在小學四年級遇到的事情一樣,小四時每天中午回家吃午飯必須順便餵豬,豬飼料中有一項是豆渣,新鮮的豆渣有一點腥味,但放了一段時間之後就不是新鮮的腥味,每當餵完豬之後,我都用牙膏加香皂洗了好幾次的手,但回到學校同學還是說我很臭都不願和我在一起,還好當時我是班長,我說集合同學不敢不從。
麻的纖維經二個月時間浸漚之後,沾到衣服或身體就如我四年級時餵豬的情形一樣,許多遊客遇到我們打槳時,都會問這麼臭的味道從哪裡來?手工紙的製造原來就是水深火熱的行業,在處理浸泡後的原料時又多加了臭不可聞的情境,經蒸煮浸漚二個月後的麻纖維,一部份還是堅韌無比,一根0.15mm的麻絲還是可以吊掛0.4KG的重物,在報上看過偽造美鈔的新聞,據聞美鈔中有75%的棉和25%的麻,所以麻的堅韌是成為耐用紙張的選擇質材。麻纖維在打槳時因纖維的特殊,需將車刀放得很低,才有辦法將纖維叩解,經抄製成紙之後,才發現紙張中尚有粗細深淺,不一顏色的纖維夾雜其中。
我們一直在闡述造紙或用紙的觀念,在處理槳料過程,愈少對纖維產生破壞的程序,愈有利紙張的保存和減少環境的危害,在歷代留下的作品中,只要是紙質的文物,在放大鏡的檢視下,都是充滿雜質的情況,這些是很自然的紙,能經得起歲月考驗的紙,反觀近代漂白藥劑的發明,紙張在漂白作用下視覺效果變單純了,而影響所及是需要保存時要付出昂貴的代價。
麻紙以往只在歷代文字中提及,至於以麻紙張對於書畫的使用其效果應該是新奇而有趣的,今以井蛙的心情記之。
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